1. Determine the material of the profile
The profiles are divided into aluminum alloy, plastic steel, fiberglass and
aluminum-wood composite. How to choose the profile is mainly constrained by user
habits, hobbies and economic conditions, and of course it must match the
architectural style. Qualitative selection of profiles, glass, hardware, seals,
accessories, etc. Thermal insulation aluminum profiles include strip-through
type, glue injection type and hybrid type. The strip-through type has high
strength, but the anti-leakage performance is slightly poor; the glue injection
type has good sealing performance, but the performance will deteriorate when the
temperature is high; the hybrid type is better than the first two, but the cost
is higher.
2. Determine the type of doors and windows
The shape and size of the external window, as well as the window type and
appearance design.
3. Wind pressure resistance performance design
According to the "Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows Engineering Technical
Specifications" (JGJ 214-2010) and "Plastic Doors and Windows Engineering
Technical Specifications" (JGJ103-2008), the wind pressure resistance
performance index value (P3) of external doors and windows should be determined
by not less than the standard value of wind load (Wk) on the doors and windows,
and not less than 1. 0kN/m2. The deflection limit of the main force-bearing rods
of doors and windows under wind loads should comply with relevant regulations.
In the physical performance design of energy-saving doors and windows, it is
also necessary to refer to the local standards formulated by various provinces
and cities. For example, the building energy-saving doors and windows
engineering technical standards formulated by Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province,
etc. stipulate that the wind pressure resistance performance of building
energy-saving doors and windows should be determined by calculation, and the
wind pressure resistance performance index P3 of 6 floors and below should not
be less than 2.5kPa, and the wind pressure resistance performance index P3 of 7
floors and above should not be less than 3.0kPa. The technical regulations for
the application of energy-saving doors and windows in buildings formulated by
Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province divide the wind pressure resistance
performance indicators of external doors and windows into: when the basic wind
pressure is ≤0.45, P3 of 1-6-story buildings is greater than or equal to 1.5kPa,
and P3 of 7-story and above buildings is greater than 2.0kPa; when the basic
wind pressure is >0.45, P3 of 1-6-story buildings is greater than 2.0kPa, and
P3 of 7-story and above buildings is greater than 2.5kPa. Jiangsu Province
stipulates that the wind pressure resistance performance of multi-story
buildings should not be less than 2.0kPa, and P3 of 7-story and above buildings
should not be less than 2.5kPa.
4. Watertightness design
The watertightness of doors and windows refers to the ability of external
doors and windows to prevent rainwater from penetrating under the simultaneous
action of wind and rain when they are normally closed, and the unit is Pa. The
national standards "Classification and Testing Methods of Airtightness,
Watertightness and Wind Pressure Resistance of External Doors and Windows of
Buildings" (GB/T 7106-2008) and "Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows" (GB/T
8478-2008) stipulate the classification of watertightness of aluminum alloy
doors and windows, and use the pressure difference of the previous level before
the serious leakage pressure difference as the watertightness classification
index value, with 6 levels from 1 to 6.
5. Airtightness design
Airtightness refers to the ability of doors and windows to prevent air
infiltration when they are normally closed, and is expressed in units of
m3/(m·h) or m3/(m2·h), which respectively represent the air infiltration per
unit opening seam length and the air infiltration per unit area. Airtightness
uses the air infiltration per unit opening seam length q1 and the air
infiltration per unit area q2 under standard conditions with a pressure
difference of 10Pa as classification indicators.
6. Thermal insulation performance design
Thermal insulation performance generally refers to the ability of doors and
windows to block heat transfer from the high-temperature side to the
low-temperature side when the doors and windows are normally closed and there is
an air temperature difference on both sides of the doors and windows. The
stronger the heat transfer capacity, the worse the thermal insulation
performance of the doors and windows. The thermal insulation performance of
doors and windows is expressed by the heat transfer coefficient K value [W/ (m2
·K)].
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